Human Resource Management Demystified Holistic Approach

Question: Portray about the Human Resource Management Demystified for Holistic Approach? Answer: Presentation This investigation manages Human Resource Management. In this specific situation, HR Director needs to embrace immediate arrangement on change of strategies to serve the association. In an ongoing gathering, HR Director was stunned in hearing imperative issue winning in the specific association. This specific have lost significant client who used to contribute half of the income for the organization (Armstrong, 2011.. Because of unavoidable conditions, these specific clients left the organization and went to their rivals. This significant issue needs pressing thought by the HR Director by under 24 hours of time. Choice of convention HR Director should choose the strategy for freely work in a ultimate conclusion making process. It is critical to comprehend the way that potential clients are significant for an association. This specific technique will help in firing the workers that is indicating low execution from recent months (Byars Rue, 2011). This specific strategy is a celebrated term utilized in the US Labor law. Under this technique, a business in any capacity whatsoever can excuse representative. Technique for choosing the convention It is anything but difficult to utilize the chose convention for firing the failed to meet expectations representatives in an association (Werner, Schuler Jackson, 2012). It is prudent to utilize this strategy and fire worker since low execution can't create income in the business association. Government and state laws overseeing cutbacks It is important to comprehend the way that off-base human arrangements will hurt association and exorbitant then again. HR Director ought to include the right laws for taking a ultimate choices for fathoming the issues looked by the specific association. Infringement suggests fines, punishments just as claims that will hurt the altruism just as notoriety of the business association (Torrington, 2011). There are a few laws that oversee reasonable treatment of representative from meeting to the phase of end in a general way. Division of Labor It is fitting at government level for social affair dependable data on division of work affiliation. It for the most part centers around the numerous offices for charging different implementation business laws. Reasonable Credit Reporting Act The vast majority of the HR employing rehearses are not lined up with Fair Credit Reporting Act as per the Federal Trade Commission. Caution Act It is basic for the HR Director for having clear and brief approaches on issues identifying with cutbacks concerning numerous representatives for the equivalent (Stone, 2011). Expansion to that, Worker Adjustment just as Retraining of Notification Act uncovers different explicit rules for the headway of representatives working in an association. State Laws Government laws require different consistence measures. The greater part of the State Laws shows liberal disposition for the worker and furnish with the extra insurances in a general way. Aggregate bartering understandings Choices embraced by the HR Director will guarantee enormous aggregate haggling from the workers sooner rather than later. Aggregate Bargaining is a stage that helps in upgrading in the connections between workers just as boss for the equivalent. It suggests offering proficient for representing their own privileges (Dessler, 2013). The greater part of the expert uses aggregate dealing strategy for guaranteeing trustworthiness just as regard in a general way. It will help in making protected just as remunerating workplace for the equivalent. Representatives have the privilege for haggling in their pay, and tending to the issues in a powerful way. This specific technique helps in tending to the complaints of the workers and furnish with determined rules in a general way. Examination on representative end HR Director ought to enjoy reasonable choices that will profit representatives just as association in a general way. It is essential for exploring on the end issues looked by any representatives at the hour of working in an association. Reason for lay-offs for setting aside cash Proprietors and Founders of the association need legitimate format by the HR Director for managing the issues in the most suitable manner (Byars and Rue, 2011). Association can undoubtedly set aside cash by recruiting new representatives who are similarly productive in working for the business undertaking. Agenda things Worker Redressal Measures Straightforward Communication Maintenance of existing workers who are performing best for serving the association Option in contrast to terminations HR Director should propose elective technique for end that incorporates admonitions to the representatives for trying sincerely and improving the degree of execution in the nera future. Loss of potential client is misfortune to the organization yet it is imperative to consider the way that representatives are the genuine resources of any business association. HR Director ought to propose representative end options. These include: Reassignment It is a fantasy that failed to meet expectations representatives are terrible workers and cost to the organization. The activity job and details are lined up with the specific work. It is fitting to reassign workers to the back office and comprehend the abilities and mastery for the equivalent. It is imperative to concentrate on the workers neglects to play out the activity in legitimate way. It is the situation of ill-advised preparing toward the start of the working association. A large portion of the workers face enormous difficulty in making do with the adjustment in work jobs and obligations. This hampers the degree of efficiency and hampering the smooth working of the business venture. It is fitting to modify the timetable and structure impermanent suspension. All encompassing methodology From the above conversation, it is important to accumulate the data on Human Resource Management. All encompassing Approach will help the association for holding back the position and guarantee smooth working of the business venture. New plans and strategies will guarantee getting change the administration and lift up the certainty among the workers just as higher experts for the equivalent. HR Director ought to guarantee conduction of representative redressal measures whereby each worker are free for refering to their issues and issues to the business association. Figure: Holistic Approach (Source: Armstrong, 2011) Comprehensive Approach helps in connecting with advancement of an entire individual. HR Director should utilize this approach and comprehend the requirements of the workers at various levels. It for the most part draws in with the idea of individuals for multi-dimensional viewpoints in a general way. It relates simply with the sane just as unreasonable ideas. Reference List Armstrong, M. Armstrong, M. 2011.Armstrong's handbook of key human asset the executives. London: Kogan Page. Byars, L. Lament, L. 2011.Human asset the board. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. DelCampo, R. 2011.Human Resource Management Demystified. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dessler, G. 2013.Human asset the board. Boston: Prentice Hall. Stone, R. 2011.Human asset the executives. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Torrington, D. 2011.Human Resource Management. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Werner, S., Schuler, R. Jackson, S. 2012.Human asset the board. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

The Use Of Marijuana For Medicinal Purposes Essay -- essays research p

Pot is unlawful in fifty states in light of its order as an illegal medication, yet dubious issues have been built up that this â€Å"illicit drug† has improved the course of treatment for enduring patients. Maryjane has valuable impacts when utilized in restorative situations for the treatment of agony; hence it ought to be a directed medication for patients who can profit by the utilization of this medication. Pot has experienced investigation for its utilization as a medication and the outcomes have demonstrated enhancements in the patients who were treated with this medication. Specialists have communicated inverse feelings, making this issue disputable. As the discussion about marijuana’s use as a medication proceeds, specialists have given us data relating to its beneficial outcomes when utilized appropriately. A significant part of the debate falls in the hands of the administration, which implies that pot is definitely not a protected medication, versus the specialists who explore the subject for restorative purposes. In truth, not all specialists feel cannabis ought to be a â€Å"legal† recommended medication, it is in their grasp to choose so. The Institute of Medicine has lighted the discussion when it said smoking weed is dangerous, yet in addition suggested that fundamentally sick patients ought to be permitted to utilize it under firmly checked settings (Koch 707). A master at the National Cancer Institute approved his patients to utilize the medication, yet not over do it (Koch 708). With all the theory, one would believe that specialists wouldn’t be so anxious ...

Tutankhamun Essay Example for Free

Tutankhamun Essay How valuable and dependable are Source An and ONE other source comparable to the data or potentially suggestions they give about the job of the New Kingdom Pharaoh and the general public at that point, particularly with respect to religion as well as significant occasions or issues at that point? Source An and Source D give dependable data on the job of the New Kingdom Pharaoh, Tutankhamun and the general public at the time with respect to religion and issues of the time. Source A shows the strict perspectives, for example, the utilization of both Amun and Aten names and Source D shows the issues of the time, for example, attack/fighting. In Source A the picture indicated is the â€Å"Golden Throne† otherwise called King Tutankhamun’s crowning ritual position of authority. The picture on the backrest of the seat portrays Tutankhamun being scoured with salve by his significant other under the â€Å"arms† of Aten. The content on the seat when interpreted uncovers that both Amun and Aten names are utilized for Tutankhamun and his significant other. This speaks to the transitional period from having one particular god-Aten, back to the old religion-Amun and might be a sign as expressed by Howard Carter that the two religions lived respectively in harmony â€Å"It is interested without a doubt of it, that an article which has such show indications of apostasy upon it ought to be openly covered in this the fortification of the Amun faith†¦it would give the idea that Tut-ankh-amun’s come back to the old confidence was not so much a matter of conviction-it is conceivable that the modification in the Aten names was adequate to mollify the sectarians and that there was no requirement for mystery. The structures on the Throne are likewise a portrayal of the evolving times. The period is alluded to the Amarna Age. It is an alternate style to which customary workmanship was made and speaks to the progress from old to new-the models and compositions were finished with naturalism and suddenness. This style of craftsmanship included more pictures of their common presence. Source D is a picture of Tutankhamun’s Hunting and Warfare Chest. On this chest there are two fundamental pictures portrayed, the first on the top, front and back of the container which shows Tutankhamun in a chariot with a bow and bolt battling and smashing dark and Asiatic foes. On the sides of the chest the subsequent picture portrayed is that of Tutankhamun’s head on a lions body, stepping and squashing the assortments of his foes. These pictures are depictions of the issues that the Egyptians may have looked during the timeframe, for example, attack and agreeing.

The 30-Second Trick for Buy Research Paper for College

The 30-Second Trick for Buy Research Paper for College All About Buy Research Paper for College Even should you need to purchase research paper done in 6 hours, you can trust us. Overall, any sort of research paper presupposes an abstract. Research paper is thought to be a long-lasting assignment, when you must spend a good deal of time on research and after that even more time to put the. You may rely on us once you choose to purchase an APA research paper. Don't forget an abstract will be the sole portion of your paper which is going to be listed in the bibliographical references. In a very simple essay, as an example, and abstract is definitely not a crucial section. May help you realize the character of a great paper and compose a high-quality essay by. There are a great deal of essay examples here that provide the acceptable structure and substance which will help you quickly compose an outstanding essay. Our open-minded and extremely educated professionals will produce an ideal college research paper for you. Normally, students are on a small budget, so they're browsing for inexpensive research papers to order. Many students constitute a final vital research paper once each semester. A number of the postgraduate students have zero idea about how to start writing a thesis, and won't even bother finding out. Conclusion In writing an excellent research paper, it is sometimes a complicated task to be sure it stays straight especially when it has to do with proper source documentation. There are dozens and dozens of reasons to utilize Rush Essay custom paper writing. Ensure you provide full details throughout the messaging system. When it has to do with writing quality biology papers, the essence of the sources used is vital. At times, students feel they don't need to find help or support to create a top grade research paper. As a way to write one, a student should prepare mentally and physically because it requires a lot of work, as well as the projects that come before writing the thesis. Because of this, most students now decide to purchase research papers online. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Nobody told you that college life will be easy. If you're in college at the moment, and you are experiencing difficulties keeping up with all the. What's more, it looks like college program has been produced for some super-human beings, since you cannot stand the flow. It's not strange for students at college level to truly feel overwhelmed by the range of. Things You Should Know About Buy Research Paper for College College or university professors may not provide you complete information or. Especially when you're in college or university. If you wish to purchase papers for college then. If you're a busy college student. There are positive and negative services. There are plenty of steps which you can take to acquire much better help on your papers via an English tutor. Quality on-line research papers and affordable research papers are our specialty. There's no student who wishes to receive a very low grade in any program. As a consequence, a nursing essay can quickly come to be a significant hindrance to future nurses. To demonstrate how conversant you're. You learn to compose papers. The papers are of a typical quality and assist you to accomplish excellent grades.

Mapping a Business System - 1608 Words

â€Å"Mapping a Business System† Jennifer Ortega Kaplan University Application of Causal Loop Diagram: Reinforcing and Balancing Process There are many advantages to an organization or individual to utlize system diagrams in all aspects of business. According to the book, â€Å"The Tip of the Iceberg† by Hutchens, there are two basic processes that drive all activity in systems. They are reinforcing processes and balancing processes. (Hutchens 2001). Hutchens states that â€Å"reinforcing processes enhance change with even more change in the same direction. Hutchens also states that these processes can produce exponential growth as well as collapse. There needs to be a balance to keep a system at a certain level of†¦show more content†¦Overall, students should become aware of the basic considerations of APA and then look for a guide or tool that assists them in finding up to date information and guidelines. These tools are not a replacement for a student’s own critical thinking skills (Kaplan Writing Center, 2006). Students may use information from another source in different ways. One way this may be accomplished is by paraphrasing. When students paraphrase information, they restate or rephrase the information in their own words. This does not simply mean that students can move one or two words around and call the work paraphrased. In order to do this properly, students must significantly change the words used by the original source. Then, the student must cite the source in the text of that paper as well as in more detail at the end of the paper in the final reference section. According to the APA guide (2002), â€Å"When paraphrasing or referring to an idea contained in another work, authors are not required to provide a location reference (e.g., a page or paragraph number)† (p. 121). In addition to paraphrasing, when students are writing a research paper, they may also need to use an author’s exact words or statistics. The main reason for choosing this method is because it was said so well and the student does not want to change the words. In addition, this can happen when a student needs the strength of an exactShow MoreRelatedAssessment of Enterprise Level Business Systems1279 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment of Enterprise Level Business Systems BSA/400 November 5, 2012 In corporate America projects are implemented on a regular basis. With implementing these projects there is a grave possibility that they may not be successful. In conducting any successful project it takes some type of organizational skills. Successfulness of a project can be jeopardized by a lack of planning, not enough funds to complete it, or the materials needed to complete it may not be readily available. 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The last execution duringRead MoreSearch Engine Optimization Of A Business On E Business1170 Words   |  5 PagesAs each other association needs to expand its venture on e-business and altogether improve its immediate exchange, the key necessities for most associations in actualizing a conclusion to-end e-trade incorporate the accompanying: †¢ Enhanced security while offering more products and flexibility in pricing. †¢ Integration with other systems and plug-ins †¢ Search Engine Optimization †¢ Intelligent web analytics †¢ Customization to business requirements and local needs †¢ Marketing integration for unifiedRead MoreUse Of Video Mapping And Social Media1527 Words   |  7 Pagesin today’s events industry. Examples of digital technologies include: video mapping, podcasts, lighting and sounds. In this report I am going to focus on the evolution of video mapping and social media, and how it is used within different types of events. What is Video Mapping? 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The Theory Of Nature And Religious Belief Essay - 1041 Words

Benjamin Boateng Science is primarily based on study of nature and Religious belief are typically based on faith. Reaching a consensus is generally impossible. Natural science has had some vast majority of influence on religion. Scientific and evidence based rational notion has seen to be increasingly replacing religion. In the 21st century, while science has gained in influence and knowledge, I personally think religion has not been supersede. The idea that science and religion are at war with one another is actually fairly recent. It really only arose in the last third of the nineteenth century, after the publication of Darwin s book on evolution. In the wake of the furor over Darwin s idea that humans were descended from apes, some people on both sides tried to paint the other side as the enemy. Charles Darwin was the one that put forward the theory that all life evolves by processes of natural selection. According to Darwin, life began with very simple creatures, which gradually evolved over mill ions of years into more complex forms. Eventually this process gave rise to human beings. Likewise in the twentieth century, physicists and cosmologists have worked out a scientific account of how the universe came into being. Again, this account says that the universe came into being in a very simple state that gradually evolved over millions of years into ever more complex forms. Again, the process did not happen in a week, but over extremely long periods of time. KarlShow MoreRelatedCopernicus And The First Pioneers Of Science1525 Words   |  7 Pagesscience comes conflict, mostly from those who don’t believe that science follows the teachings of their religion or allies with their beliefs in an almighty power or God. 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Many conservative religious groups often stress the importance of a religious worldview. The accessibility of such a view is often promoted through doctrinal teaching and creeds, religious education, and sometimes even rules of acceptable and unacceptable behavioral practices. Often done in the name of developing a system of values compatible with the religious tradition. Religion by its very nature for many, involves a sense of transcendence, and that is theRead MoreRocks of Ages by Stephen Jay Gould1499 Words   |  6 Pagesconflict between secular scientists and religious believers who reject scientific theory when in it is disagreement with religious teachings about nature and origin of the natural world. Certain aspects of his argument hold true, but the application is impossible and still gives one magisteria a dominance over the other. While it is an accurate account of historical disagreements and critical views of well-known people, his argument is flawed by human nature. He repeatedly contradicts himself and

Keystone Pipeline Project free essay sample

The United States is a fossil fuel hungry nation whose economy, markets, and transportation is highly dependent on the abundance of crude oil and petroleum. Although there is roughly 85. 9 billion barrels of undiscovered technically recoverable crude oil currently in the form of oil shale located beneath our soil, we still rely on imports from foreign countries. With a crude oil and petroleum product net import of 7,270 thousand barrels per day the United States is one of the top importers of foreign oil (Petroleum Other Liquids, 2013). According to the U. S. Energy Information Administration, EIA, the United States receives its leading imports of oil from Canada at a rate of 2,815 thousand barrels per day, Saudi Arabia at 1,028 thousand barrels per day, and Mexico at 869 thousand barrels per day. Looking at the geography of the North American continent, the United States shares its longest boarder with Canada, an ideal configuration for trade and transporting goods. It is no surprise that the rate of crude oil imports from Canada is roughly 3 times the rate of imports from Saudi Arabia. This is primarily due to Keystone Pipeline and according to proposals from TransCanada Corp. The rate of oil imports from foreign countries may fluctuate with the completion of Keystone XL project. The Keystone pipeline system is a 2,148 mile pipeline, along with related facilities that carry crude oil from the tar sands of the West Canadian Sedimentary Basin, WCSB, beginning in Alberta, Canada to refining markets throughout the United States (Slade, 2013). Although first proposed by TransCanada Corporation on February 9th, 2005, actual construction didn’t occur until 2008 due to legal and environmental inspection requirements not being met (Kalen, 2013). The Keystone Pipeline consists of two developments, known as Phase I and Phase II. Phase I was the first to be completed and began full operation during the summer of 2010. It runs across Canada from Alberta to Manitoba and from there it heads south across the U. S. border and into North Dakota. Once into North Dakota, the pipeline continues through South Dakota and finally into Nebraska. At Steele City, Nebraska, the pipeline reaches a junction where it splits in two. In one direction, Phase I of the Keystone Pipeline continues east through Missouri and reaches its final destination at oil refineries in Patoka and Wood River, Illinois. Beginning at the junction in Steele City, Nebraska, is the second completion of the Keystone Pipeline, Phase II. This portion of the Keystone pipeline is also known as the Keystone Cushing Extension. It is a 298 mile long pipeline that runs south from Steele City to Cushing, Oklahoma and began operation late February, 2011(Slade, 2013). Together, Phase I and II of the Keystone pipeline pump an estimated 590,000 barrels per day. At a cost of 5. 2 billion dollars, the Keystone pipeline has had beneficial and detrimental effects on the U. S. Economy on a local and nationwide scale, however with its creation it has improved access to foreign oil and reduced foreign oil transportation cost. Although one can marvel at the transportation capacity and construction of the Keystone Pipeline, it may potentially be surpassed by the capacity and estimated benefits of TransCanada’s newly proposed Keystone XL pipeline addition. Similar to its current counterpart, the operational Keystone Pipeline, the Keystone XL pipeline, also known as the Gulf Coast Extension, is proposed to be constructed in two phases, Phase III and Phase IV. The proposed Phase III project is 485 miles long and will travel from Cushing, Oklahoma to Nederland and Houston Texas. Since it doesn’t cross any international border lines, it can proceed without the approval of the Phase IV project which does cross border lines. Phase IV of the Keystone project is 1,179 miles long and travels from Alberta, Canada, enter the states at Phillips County, Montana, pass through the Dakotas and end at Steele City, Nebraska (Slade, 2013). If constructed and made operational, the Keystone XL project will cost 7. 6 billion dollars, transport 830,000 barrels per day, and create a more direct link between oil refineries in the north and Gulf Coast (Slade, 2013). Since the proposed Keystone XL project crosses multiple states and international borders, the process it must go through to be approved is lengthy and involves many different agencies which must assess and evaluate all aspects of the Pipeline. Due to this lengthy process, TransCanada’s permit application filled in 2008 is projected to be approved or rejected by late 2014 or possibly 2015 according to Christopher E. Smith, an editor for a Journal on the operational schedule of the Keystone Project titled TransCanada delays Keystone XL in-service date to second-half 2015. Some of the questions that the Keystone XL project hopes to answer and have also arisen as a result of its proposal are whether or not lower gas prices will be expected? Will our reliance on oil imports from volatile and unstable nations be reduced? Can we expect the creation of more jobs and seek that those jobs are filled? Are we denying ourselves, as a nation, an inevitable progression towards renewable forms of energy that in addition emit less carbon? What will happen to the Ogallala Aquifer should there be an oil spill? What benefits will arise from the creation of this pipeline? For the remainder of this paper I will seek to answer the majority of these questions, depict the current exposition of the Keystone Gulf Coast Expansion Project, and convey my opinion on the issue after undergoing unbiased analysis. As a proposed project, there are three main arguments that surround the Keystone XL Pipeline project. These arguments in favor of construction and operation of the pipeline are decreased gas prices, stronger national security through reduced foreign oil import dependence, and creation of jobs. In the United States, oil supplies 36 percent of our energy sources and is all so the principal fuel for transportation around the world. Oil in particular fuels around ninety-four percent of our nation’s transportation sector (Petroleum Other Liquids, 2013). This makes oil an important commodity to many nations including our own and the market for oil very competitive between nations as they seek to compete over oil exporters and nations with convenient access to oil reap the economic benefits. Therefore, the pricing of crude oil is controlled by multiple factors; supply, demand, markets, accessibility, and physical balancing. Although the United States holds position as a major consumer of oil, our nation solely alone as minute effects on crude oil cost, even for refineries in our own country. According to an academic journal by Edwin Slade titled, The Keystone Pipeline Addition: Assessing the Potential Benefits of Reduced Gasoline Prices and Increased National Security, U. S. refineries’ crude acquisition cost change with geopolitical events, such as increasing oil demands in foreign countries such as China and those in the Middle East. Keystone supporters argue that by making oil transports more available to our country and to the global market, we impact the cost of crude oil in a more effective way that depends heavily on Keystone exports. Benefits of oil availability can be viewed on a local scale primarily in Midwest. Prior to Keystone operation, Canadian oil imports accumulated in Cushing, Oklahoma, since oil refineries and pipelines are centralized in this area, and resulted in an abundance of excess oil known as the Cushing glut. This resulted in increased domestic production of oil, increased Canadian supply, and decreased gasoline prices (Slade, 2013). The proposed development of the Keystone XL pipeline is strategically placed to access the excess oil refineries of the Cushing glut and distribute this oil to refineries in the Gulf Coast. Refineries in the Gulf Coast are not restricted to a localized market, like Cushing, Oklahoma, and therefore will export productions to the global market according to Brent North Sea and West Texas Intermediate benchmark prices which yield higher profits than mid USA appraisal (Slade, 2013). With further analysis, it is estimated that access created by the Keystone XL Pipeline to the oversupplied, discounted, Canadian heavy crude oil located in the Midwest to the U. S. Gulf Coast markets will increase the price of heavy crude to the equivalent cost of imported crude (Slade, 2013). As a result of the increased price of heavy crude oil on the world oil market, the Canadian producing industry will experience increased annual revenue. So how can we benefit from Canadian industry in terms of reduced gas prices? This claim will be analyzed in deeper context as opposing arguments to gas prices reductions resulting from the Keystone Pipeline are made. Two remaining arguments for production of the Keystone XL Pipeline are increased national security and reduced reliance on oil imports from foreign countries. Both of these arguments go hand in hand as they are a result of one another. Before assessing the benefits the Keystone XL pipeline will make towards national security, we first must review the United States current importation of foreign oil, how the pipeline tends to accomplish reduced foreign dependence, and how reduced foreign dependence may prove beneficial. According to the Energy Information Administration, Saudi Arabia is the leading exporter of oil at 8,168 thousand barrels per day and is also the leading producer of oil. In addition, the Energy Information Administration ranks China and Japan as far second and third place consumers, respectively, to number one consumer, the United States. However, according to graphs depicting trends or oil consumption rate over time, the United States oil consumption has steadily decreased since 2010, relative to the operation of the Keystone Pipeline Phase I and II, and shows increasing oil demands in Latin America, several European countries, and China. These increasingly oil dependent countries are receive the majority of their diesel imports from other countries but Gulf Coast refineries, with the aide of the Keystone XL pipeline, will be able to meet this demand (Slade, 2013). This will attract growing attention towards the supplying capabilities of the Keystone exports at the Gulf Coast on a worldwide scale and the United States plans to take advantage of this as well. In TransCanada’s presidential permit application to approve construction of the Keystone XL pipeline, the argument is made that the pipeline will allow U. S. refiners to substitute foreign crude supply with direct access to a growing crude oil output from Canadian refineries (Congressional Digest, 2013). A study commissioned by the Department of State, known as the Ensys, concluded that increased U. S. imports of Canadian oil will replace other foreign imports. As a result of overseas trade, the U. S. military surveillances potential vulnerabilities to oil supply and nation security such as abroad and domestic terrorist attacks on oil supplies, Venezuelan embargoes, and Iran closing the Straits of Hormuz. In lite that these are only a few examples of threats to foreign oil imports from a growing unpredictable list, geopolitical factors dictate that the U. S. is less vulnerable to disruptions in oil supply from Canada (Slade, 2013). Overall, a substantial increase in our nation’s share of imports from Canada will result in a decrease in share of imports from other â€Å"disruption prone† foreign suppliers and ultimately the vulnerability premium for crude oil imports will decrease. While the benefits of the Keystone Pipeline and proposed Keystone XL pipeline have been established, the counter arguments to the construction of the Keystone project are what caused its 5 year delay of proposal to operation and is currently what halts construction of the Keystone XL pipeline (Kalen, 2013). These arguments are highly prioritized when assessing the approval of the project. The duties of doing so lie under the jurisdiction of the Department of State, NEPA, Hazardous Material Safety Administration, and EPA (Petroleum Other Liquids, 2013). These agencies consider the potential environmental impacts of the entire pipeline along with economic effects before issuing any State, tribal, or Federal licenses, permits, or approvals to the project (Sassman, 2013). In addition to assessments of the pipelines environmental impact made by government agencies, there has been a concerted effort by environmentalists to resist building the pipeline in concern for Americas continued reliance on carbon emitting fossil fuels, reducing contribution factors toward climate change, hazardous methods of oil extraction, and â€Å"inevitable† damage of oil spills. In the U. S. Department of State’s August 26, 2011 Final Environmental Impact Statement, concerns were expressed towards the fragile Sandhills’ soils and the underlying Ogallala aquifer (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). The Ogallala aquifer is one of the worlds largest aquifers covering an area of approximately 174,000 miles and supplying water to 30 percent of irrigation water in the United States and 82 percent of drinking water to the surrounding area. It lies beneath the fragile and pristine Sandhills, which are sub-irrigated meadows that reach areas where water tables are as shallow as 6 meters. The construction of the pipeline through these regions in Nebraska would disturb the Sandhills’ soils and crude oil releases that may occur during the pipelines operation could potentially contaminate large volumes of the Ogallala aquifer (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). One cause of oil leakage through pipeline corrosion is contributed to an acidic component of crude oil known as dilbit. Its corrosive properties are attributed to amounts of toxic chemicals benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, (BTEX), whose aqueous solubility’s in water exceed maximum contamination levels (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). A prime example of the harmful effects can be seen at the Kalamazoo River tributary in Michigan which experienced a 790,000 gallon dilbit release into flowing surface water (Sassman, 2013). Should the Keystone XL project undergo construction and operation it is clear that we risk the environmental preservation of vital resources. This outweighs any benefits proposed by TransCanada and supporters for the pipelines construction. Referring to the arguments in favor of benefits that construction of the Keystone XL pipeline will bring, particularly the promise of lower gas prices, counter arguments show that the pipeline will yield little effect on gas prices. In June 2012, the average price of unleaded regular gasoline rose by 39 percent from 2010 prices of $2. 79 per gallon to $3. 55 per gallon (Sassman, 2013). According to an article titled, The Keystone Pipeline Addition: Assessing the Potential Benefits of Reduced Gasoline Prices and Increased National Security, over the last eleven years, petroleum imports from Canada have rose fifty percent yet gas prices in the United States during the adjacent time period have continued to rise according to fluctuations in the global market. It is a possibility that these imports have acted to stabilize gas prices more so than if the U. S. wasn’t receiving oil imports from Canada at all. Although there are counter arguments against the benefits of the Keystone XL, along with environmental controversy, these counter arguments are in the process of being met in order to meet consumer demands, projected schedule, and licensed approval. In the future proposal for the Keystone XL pipeline, a risk-managed route is suggested that avoids the environmental geographic restrictions that prevented the grant of a presidential permit. The newly proposed route avoids the Ogallala aquifer beneath the Sandhills, avoids surface water crossings in the canyons of northern Holt County located near the Sandhills, and the southeasterly portion of the risk-managed route runs through low cropped irrigated land rather than undeveloped prairies (Spatding and Aaron, 2013). With conflicts and benefits constantly arising and being tested regarding the future of the Keystone XL pipeline, there’s no telling which side is winning or if a suggested solution will ever be agreed on. Such solutions, like the risk-managed route, may lead to a presidential permit to presume construction by 2015. However, until all aspects are taken accounted for, the future of the Keystone XL pipeline still remains undecided.